Running Code in Stata#

Although, there are plenty of ways to run code in Stata, our goal with these instructions is to show the easiest way to do it, by minimizing both the manual steps replicators have to go through and the chance of making a mistake that prevents a successful run.

In essence, these instructions show how to deal with the three most common actions that replicators have to undertake when running Stata code:

  1. Making sure that paths (i.e., something like “Mycomputer/Documents/Workspace/”) in the .do files (Stata scripts) reflect the appropriate location of code, data, and output in the computer where the code is run.

  2. Installing user-written functions, programs, or packages that are necessary to do computations and produce tables/figures.

  3. Creating .log files (files that record, in this case, Stata output) of the replication attempts.

Step 1: check for a “master” .do file#

[ACTION] Check the README or the repository and determine if a master .do file was provided.

A master .do file is a Stata script that will call, in the correct sequence, all the programs necessary to construct analysis datasets, do all computations, and produce figures and tables. If a master do file exists, it should be mentioned in the README. In most cases, running a single master do file is sufficient to complete the reproduction. In general, a master script does not need to be a .do file. However, we will focus on cases where all work done in Stata is reduced to executing a single .do file.

When a master .do file is provided#

If there is a master do file, continue with Step 2.

When a master .do file is not provided#

[ACTION] If a master .do file is not provided, you should create a one.

Identify all the programs (do files) that need to be run, and create a master file. This is easy!

To create a do file follow the following steps:

  1. Check that the README for specific instructions about the order in which each program is supposed to be run. If there are no such instructions, or they are not obvious by the name of the programs, is probably best to not create a master do file.

  2. Assuming that the sequence of programs is clear to you, open stata and click on the “New do file editor” (you can also work on Visual Studio Code):

do_editor

To open the do file editor:

do_editor2

  1. In the first line write include "config.do"

  2. Write the command do and the (quoted) path of each program that needs to be run. Write them in the correct sequence.

Example:

include "config.do"
 
* Assuming scenario "A"

do "${rootdir}/code/0_first_program.do" 
do "${rootdir}/code/1_second_program.do"
do "${rootdir}/code/2_third_program.do"
do "${rootdir}/code/appendix_code/appendix.do"

  1. Save your master file.

At the end your master .do file may look like this:

master

With your master do file done, continue with Step 2.

Step 2: place config.do where the master .do file is located#

[ACTION] Copy the template-config.do to the right location.

You should copy it (using Windows actions, or command line) and paste it into the folder where the master file is located. Change the name from template-config.do to config.do

The folder with the code, whether is the root directory or a subfolder, should look something like this:

Code_Repository

Step 3: include config.do in the master .do file#

[ACTION] Add a call to the config.do file in the master .do file.

Open the master .do file. In the beginning, add the line to include the config.do.

(You already did this if you created a master .do file in Step 1.)

1 include "config.do"
2
3 /* This is Master do file */

Save.

More information about config.do can be found in “Using Config.do”.

Note

In summary, config.do does 4 things:

  • Creates a global variable called “rootdir” with the local path to the root directory.

  • Creates a logs files.

  • Sets a path to save the packages to be installed in the replication repository, and

  • It allows you to install the packages simply by listing their names.

A crucial function of config.do is that it allows for the local installation of Stata packages, which is important for two reasons. First, it will enable us to check for the completeness of replication materials. Second, when running code in servers, we often do not have the necessary permissions to install Stata packages freely.config.do allow us to installed packages in the replication directory.

Step 4: modifying paths if necessary#

[ACTION] Modify paths if necessary.

  • Check the Readme and determine if (and where) the root directory should be modified.

  • Open the .do file to be modified (probably the master .do file) and set the global variable $rootdir as the path.

  • Save.

To run the code, we need to make sure that Stata can access the locally-saved data, access the packages that will be installed, and save the output in the computer where you are running the code. To do that, we often need to change some directory paths defined in the .do files provided. This step may vary in each replication package, so you need to look at the README instructions closely. Some packages may not require any change, while others may require a little more work.

However, the typical case will only require one modification, either to the master .do file or to a program called by the master .do file, where you define the path of the location of the replication package. This location is what we refer to as the “root directory”. Once this change is made, the code provided (if it follows good practices) will define every other path relative to the root directory.

Example#

In the author’s master file, a global variable “maindir” defines the path of the root directory as:

clear all

/* This is Master do file */

global maindir "C:\Users\Author\Dropbox\Project1" // this is the path to the repository
global data "$maindir/data" // path to data folder
global figures "$maindir/figures" // path to figures folder

You would add config.do and change the global. After the change:

clear all
include "config.do"

/* This is Master do file */

global maindir "$rootdir" // this is the path to the repository
global data "$maindir/data" // path to data folder
global figures "$maindir/figures" // path to figures folder

Step 5: Check the location of the master .do file and modify config.do#

[ACTION] Adjust the config.do

  • If the master .do file is directly placed in the root directory, set the parameter scenario to be B and save.

  • If the master .do file is inside a folder, open config.do and set the parameter scenario to A and save. (This is the default, so really no action is necessary.)

  • If the replication package includes a folder with Stata packages, add the line adopath ++ followed by the path of the location of that folder and save. See “Using Config.do” for details.

  • Add packages that need to be installed to config.do. See “Using Config.do” for details.

Scenario A#

A simplified directory structure that correspond to scenario “A” look like this:

 directory/
              code/
                 main.do
                 01_dosomething.do
              data/
                 data.dta
                 otherdata.dta

Example

  • A Master .do file is inside a folder and you have placed config.do in that same folder. The package estout needs to be installed:

* Template config.do */

local scenario "A" 
* *** Add required packages from SSC to this list ***
local ssc_packages "estout ivreg2"
    // Example:
    // local ssc_packages "estout boottest"
    // If you need to "net install" packages, go to the very end of this program, and add them there.

Scenario B#

A simplified directory structure that correspond to scenario “B” looks like this:

 directory/
        main.do
        scripts/
             01_dosomething.do
        data/
             data.dta
             otherdata.dta

Scenario C#

Sometimes, we encounter Scenario C, which adds an additional level. A simplified directory structure that correspond to scenario “C” looks like this:

directory/
	    step1/
            scripts/
                main.do
                01_dosomething.do
        step2/
	        scripts/
	            othermain.do
		        01_analysis.do
        data/
            data.dta
            otherdata.dta

Note: you would place the config.do in all directories that have some sort of main.do.

Example

  • A Master .do file is in the main directory, and you have placed config.do in the main directory. The package estout and ivreg2 need to be installed:

/* Template config.do */

local scenario "B"  // around line 30
*** Add required packages from SSC to this list ***
local ssc_packages "estout ivreg2"
    // Example:
    // local ssc_packages "estout boottest"
    // If you need to "net install" packages, go to the very end of this program, and add them there.

Step 6: Run the Code#

[ACTION] Right click on the master .do file and select the option Execute (do).

execute do

This option will set the working directory to the location where the master.do is. It opens Stata and will show the processes in the Stata window.

On Unix-style systems, the preferred way is to use the command line to run Stata code.

Mac-specific one-time setup

Open Stata on your Mac, go to the “Stata” tab at the top of your screen and click “Install Terminal Utility…”

BioHPC-specific setup

On BioHPC, you need to expand your search path to find Stata. Stata 14, 16, and 18 are currently available. You can then either call them directly:

/usr/local/stata16/stata-mp -b do main.do

or add the location of the Stata to your $PATH variable, which you will need to do every time you open a terminal windows:

export PATH=/usr/local/stata16:$PATH
stata-mp -b do main.do

Open up a terminal in the folder where the master.do file is located - this may differ depending on your system, and may involve changing directory

cd /path/to/code

Confirm with “ls” that you see the same files you might see in Finder / File Explorer. Refer to the command line training in the initial training.

Identify which Stata version you have installed (some systems have only one, some have multiple):

which stata
which stata-se
which stata-mp

Each version is increasingly powerful. Choose the most powerful one installed on your system. (We will assume that you have stata-mp but adjust accordingly)

Then type

stata-mp -b do master.do

In some cases, the right-click menu may not contain the Execute (do) option. In that case, the following workaround also works; but does not automatically exit Stata when the do file is done. Start by double-clicking on the master.do file. This should open the Stata Editor window:

Double-click Do file

Now click on the circled green triangle to run the do file.

If double-clicking the do file does not open Stata, you may need to check the Properties tab. Right-click on the do file and select Properties. In the General tab, you may see an option to Change the default program that opens the do file. You may need to choose Choose an app from your PC:

Choose app on your PC dialog

Then navigate to the Stata executable (e.g., C:\Program Files\Stata18\StataMP-64.exe) and select it:

Select Stata executable

Then click OK and Apply to save the changes. Now double-clicking the do file should open it in Stata.

Instead of using the graphical “right-click” method, you can also use the command line in Windows. For bash, use

cd /path/to/code
 /c/Program\ Files/Stata18/StataMP-64.exe -b master.do

For Powershell, use

& 'C:\Program Files\Stata18\StataMP-64.exe' -b master.do

Checking for a complete run, debugging and running the master in pieces#

After running the code, the log files will need to be checked for a complete run. Use Visual Studio Code to open and inspect log files. Any bugs that prevents a complete run will also show up in the log files.

If a you find a bug that is simple enough to fix, you can make changes to the do files. Then, you can right click on the master file and select Execute (do) as this option will open Stata, allowing to run the code interactively.

If you decide the code needs to be run in pieces (this is NOT ideal)

  • In the master .do file, you can comment out (using the symbol *) the programs that are not to be run and save the master.

  • Then, you can right click on the master and select the option ``Execute (do)`.

When debugging is complete, you can uncomment all programs in the master and make a clean run, using again Execute Quietly (run).

Consider how much time a complete run would take before you run everything one last time. If it would take too long, you may want to skip a complete run, but ensure that you have log files for all partial runs. Make a note of this in the report.